As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs)
sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can …

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms.
CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive …

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily highly conserved signaling mechanism, but in contrast to
signaling pathways such as Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and BMP/TGF-β, Notch signaling occurs …

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve
T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and …

Type-2-cell-mediated immunity, rich in eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, CD4+ T helper 2
(Th2) cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), protects the host from helminth …

The Notch signalling cascade is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has a crucial role
in regulating development and homeostasis in various tissues. The cellular processes and …

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, the signature cytokines that are produced during
type 2 immune responses, are critical for protective immunity against infections of …

Aerobic glycolysis regulates T cell function. However, whether and how primary cancer
alters T cell glycolytic metabolism and affects tumor immunity in cancer patients remains a …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of tissues, such as bone
marrow, skeletal muscle, dental pulp, bone, umbilical cord and adipose tissue. MSCs are …

CD4 T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens. They
are also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses as well as in tumor …