The rhizosphere is undoubtedly the most complex microhabitat, comprised of an integrated
network of plant roots, soil, and a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, eukaryotes, and …

Many trace metals are essential micronutrients, but also potent toxins. Due to natural and
anthropogenic causes, vastly different trace metal concentrations occur in various habitats …

C and N are the most important essential elements constituting organic compounds in
plants. The shoots and roots depend on each other by exchanging C and N through the …

Plant biological processes, such as growth and metabolism, hormone signal transduction,
and stress responses, are affected by gene transcriptional regulation. As gene expression …

Plants produce a large variety of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, glucosinolates,
terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. These compounds play key roles in plant–environment …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required in large quantities for the proper growth and
development of plants. Nitrogen is the most limiting macronutrient for crop production in …

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride
is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic …

In early seedlings, the primary root adapts rapidly to environmental changes through the
modulation of endogenous hormone levels. The phytohormone ethylene inhibits primary …

Rhizosphere and endosphere microorganisms are recognized as an extended plant
genome. Changes in rhizosphere and endosphere microbial community structure are …

Increased grain yield will be critical to meet the growing demand for food, and could be
achieved by delaying crop senescence. Here, via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, we …