Indoor air quality (IAQ) is one of the fundamental elements affecting people's health and well-
being. Currently, there is a lack of awareness among people about the quantification …

Executive summary Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature
death in the world today. Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated 9 …

Background Low birthweight (LBW) of less than 2500 g is an important marker of maternal
and fetal health, predicting mortality, stunting, and adult-onset chronic conditions. Global …

The deleterious effects of ambient air pollution on human health have been consistently
documented by many epidemiologic studies worldwide, and it has been calculated that …

An estimated 2· 6 million third trimester stillbirths occurred in 2015 (uncertainty range 2· 4–3·
0 million). The number of stillbirths has reduced more slowly than has maternal mortality or …

The inefficient and incomplete combustion of solid fuel (SF) is associated with high levels of
indoor air pollutants leading to 3.55 million deaths annually. The risk is higher in women and …

Background Exposure during pregnancy to household air pollution caused by the burning of
solid biomass fuel is associated with adverse health outcomes, including low birth weight …

The pathway to a thriving newborn begins before conception and continues in utero with a
healthy placenta and the right balance of nutrients and growth factors that are timed and …

Reduction of preterm births (< 37 completed weeks of gestation) would substantially reduce
neonatal and infant mortality, and deleterious health effects in survivors. Maternal fine …

Stove stacking (concurrent use of multiple stoves and/or fuels) is a poorly quantified practice
in regions with ongoing efforts to transition household energy to cleaner options. Using …