Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory activity that results in destruction of the
myelin sheaths that enwrap axons. The currently available medications for multiple sclerosis …

COVID-19, the global threat to humanity, shares etiological cofactors with multiple diseases
including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the common links between COVID-19 …

Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunological networks promoting resolution
of acute and chronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily …

Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune
response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily …

Stroke ranks second as a leading cause of death and permanent disability globally.
Microglia, innate immune cells in the brain, respond rapidly to ischemic injury, triggering a …

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only chimeric protein in the galectin family. Gal-3 structure
comprises unusual tandem repeats of proline and glycine-rich short stretches bound to a …

Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and
cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system …

New research shows that disease-associated microglia in neurodegenerative brains present
features of elevated phagocytosis, lysosomal functions, and lipid metabolism, which benefit …

Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins consisting of 15 members in mammals. Galectin-
1,-3,-4,-8, and-9 are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and …

The relevance of glycan-binding proteins in immune tolerance and inflammation has been
well established, mainly by studies of C-type lectins, siglecs and galectins, both in …