Allergy is a major public health problem with a high socio‐economic impact. The number of
allergic patients is expected to reach to four billion within two decades when the World's …

Oral tolerance is a state of systemic unresponsiveness that is the default response to food
antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, although immune tolerance can also be induced by …

Oral tolerance is the state of local and systemic immune unresponsiveness that is induced
by oral administration of innocuous antigen such as food proteins. An analogous but more …

Allergy and clinical immunology societies have issued guidance for the management of food
allergy. 1, 2 Guidelines are now regarded as translational research instruments, designed to …

Regulatory T lymphocytes are essential to maintain homeostasis of the immune system,
limiting the magnitude of effector responses and allowing the establishment of …

The prevalence of allergic diseases has significantly increased in industrialized countries.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) remains as the only curative treatment. The …

There is currently great interest in developing mucosal vaccines against a variety of
microbial pathogens. Mucosally induced tolerance also seems to be a promising form of …

The gut‐associated lymphoid tissue is the largest immune organ in the body and is the
primary route by which we are exposed to antigens. Tolerance induction is the default …

For many years, the intestine was one of the poor relations of the immunology world, being a
realm inhabited mostly by specialists and those interested in unusual phenomena. However …

The first adverse reactions to cow's milk were already described 2000 years ago. However, it
was only 50 years ago that several groups started with the analysis of cow's milk allergens …