Biotechnology is playing a vital alternative role in the production of pharmaceutical plant
secondary metabolites to support industrial production and mitigate over-exploitation of …

Among naturally occurring plant constituents, the 1, 2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (in
the following termed 'PAs') play a distinct role because of the large number of congeners …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary metabolites of plants, which are mostly found in
the genus Senecio, Echium, Crotalaria, and Eupatorium. The presence of 1, 2-unsaturated …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides are common phytotoxins produced by over
6000 plant species. Humans are frequently exposed to PAs via ingestion of PA-containing …

Currently, herbal and dietary supplements have been widely applied to prevent and treat
various diseases. However, the potential toxicities and adverse reactions of herbal and …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their N-oxides (PANO) are a group of toxic secondary plant
metabolites occurring predominantly as contaminants in (herbal) teas, honeys and food …

Abstract Plant-based 1, 2-unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) can be found as
contaminants in foods like teas, herbs and honey. PAs are responsible for liver genotoxicity …

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its focus on herbal use is popular and
appreciated worldwide with increased tendency, although its therapeutic efficacy is poorly …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are among the most potent phytotoxins widely distributed in
plant species around the world. PA is one of the major causes responsible for the …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites of plants. PAs have been reported to
be hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic; they are a significant group of natural toxins …