Simple Summary In this review, we examined relevant clinical trial results with immune
checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. We also focused on the …

Abstract Five programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors
are currently approved for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma …

The recent approval of several agents have revolutionized the scenario of therapeutic
management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) allowing us to reach important …

Background The APLNR (apelin receptor) has been shown to be an essential gene for
cancer immunotherapy, with deficiency in APLNR leading to immunotherapy failure. The aim …

Five programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently
approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the …

The development of targeted therapies increases treatment options for metastatic castration
resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. There is a need for strong predictive and …

Different programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) assays and scoring algorithms are being
used in the evaluation of PD-L1 expression for the selection of patients for immunotherapy in …

Background and objective The tumor microenvironment (TME) in non–muscle-invasive
bladder cancer (NMIBC) plays an important role in the anticancer response. We aimed to …

Immunotherapy is gaining a central role in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and
several immune checkpoint-blocking (ICB) drugs have been approved by the EMA and the …

Background: Research of biomarkers in genitourinary tumors goes along with the
development of complex emerging techniques ranging from next generation sequencing …