There is no widely accepted discomfort glare metric for stationary or slow-moving observers
in outdoor spaces after dark. This review provides background of 16 relevant discomfort …

Light adaptation is very important to keep the visual system acutely sensitive to scene
content over a wide range of illumination, and has strong influence on brightness …

This study examined human subjective and pupil responses to small, high-luminance light
sources seen against low-luminance backgrounds. Subjective judgements of glare using a …

Highly reflective and specular building envelopes have become widely adopted not only for
aesthetic reasons, but also to increase building energy savings and improve occupant …

Outdoor lighting design consists of many different objectives, depending on the area that is
illuminated. In addition, besides functional lighting, extra messages may be superimposed to …

In outdoor environments after dark, pedestrians may experience discomfort from glare
caused by lighting. Several models to predict discomfort from glare have been proposed or …

After dark, pedestrians may experience discomfort from glare caused by outdoor lighting.
While several models for measuring discomfort have been proposed, there is no consensus …

This research examined human subjective responses to small, high-luminance light sources
against low-luminance backgrounds and evaluated performance of four discomfort glare …

Purpose: To assess the links between discomfort glare sensitivity and physiological factors
such as eye biometry, refraction, skin phototype, age, and gender among a large sample of …

Sports facilities all over the world apply LED lighting. The combination of high luminance
and small luminous surfaces causes a high probability of glare and LED lighting contains …