In this chapter, we present and discuss in detail current and novel advances in our
understanding of the processes that drove primordial differentiation of the Moon. This …

An international team of researchers gathered, with the support of the International Space
Science Institute (ISSI),(1) to review seismological investigations of the lunar interior from the …

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether the Moon has a fully differentiated and melted
structure with a metallic core or retains a partially primordial, unmelted interior. The …

We investigate heat transport associated with compositionally driven convection driven by
crystallization at the ocean–crust interface in accreting neutron stars, or growth of the solid …

We have provided preliminary global maps of three components of the lunar magnetic
anomaly on the surface applying the surface vector mapping (SVM) method. The data used …

The evolution of the lunar magnetic field can reveal the Moon's interior structure, thermal
history, and surface environment. The mid-to-late-stage evolution of the lunar magnetic field …

Determining the presence or absence of a past long-lived lunar magnetic field is crucial for
understanding how the Moon's interior and surface evolved. Here, we show that Apollo …

Magnetic measurements of the lunar crust and Apollo samples indicate that the Moon
generated a dynamo magnetic field lasting from at least 4.2 until< 2.5 billion years (Ga) ago …

Solid body tides on the Moon vary by about±0.1 m each month. In addition to changes in
shape, the Moon's gravity field and orientation in space are affected by tides. The tidal …

The Moon is the only planetary body other than the Earth for which samples have been
collected in situ by humans and robotic missions and returned to Earth. Scientific …