Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system.
Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this …

Novel insights from basic and translational studies are reshaping concepts of the
immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and understanding of the different inflammatory …

Microbial organisms have key roles in numerous physiological processes in the human
body and have recently been shown to modify the response to immune checkpoint …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, for which
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a likely prerequisite. Due to the homology between …

Historically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been viewed as being primarily driven by T cells.
However, the effective use of anti-CD20 treatment now also reveals an important role for B …

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin.
MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune …

The HLA-DR15 haplotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but
our understanding of how it contributes to MS is limited. Because autoreactive CD4+ T cells …

The gut microbiota plays a major role in the developmental biology and homeostasis of cells
belonging to the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Alterations in its …

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapidly progressive, monophasic, and potentially
devastating immune-mediated neuropathy in humans. Preceding infections trigger the …

The number of elderly multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is growing, mainly due to the increase
in the life expectancy of the general population and the availability of effective disease …