Background Reports suggest that children with mobility impairment represent a significant
proportion of the population living with a disability. Footwear is considered to be the key …

Parents understandably have worries about real and perceived imperfections in their
children. Gait disturbances head the list, and intoeing is the most common concern …

Leg and foot problems in childhood are common causes of parental concern. Rotational
problems include intoeing and out-toeing. Intoeing is most common in infants and young …

The present study shows how foot loading patterns may be deliberately altered by either in-
toeing or out-toeing gait during barefoot walking. The results indicate that in-toeing …

Toe‐in gait and crouch gait can make children with mild cerebral palsy fall and suffer
improper balance during walking or ambulation training. A customized external strap …

Background In-toeing gait is defined as the internal rotation of the long axis of the foot to the
line of progression. Although most of the time it is corrected spontaneously but sometimes …

Intoeing in children is a common parental concern, but our understanding of the impact of
foot progression angle (FPA) in these children leaves remains limited. This study examines …

To establish the comparative effects of conservative interventions on modifying foot
progression angle (FPA) in children and adults with orthopaedic and neurological disease …

Out-toeing gait may cause alterations in lower limb biomechanics that could lead to an
increased risk of overuse injuries. Surgery and physical therapy are conventional methods …

Background: In-toeing and out-toeing rotational deformities are among the most common
referrals for consultation with orthopedic specialists. Although a few number of patients need …