Many fishes are ammonotelic but some species can detoxify ammonia to glutamine or urea.
Certain fish species can accumulate high levels of ammonia in the brain or defense against …

The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how
multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur …

Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and white muscle of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles (10±1.2 g) in chronic exposure to sublethal total ammonia …

Many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when
confronted with high environmental ammonia (HEA). In the present study, the possible role …

Ammonia is one of the most serious environmental stressors which severely affect fishery
production. Ammonia toxicity to fish has a tight relationship with oxidative stress …

The key strategy for coping with elevated brain ammonia levels in vertebrates is the
synthesis of glutamine from ammonia and glutamate, catalyzed by glutamine synthetase …

Ammonia is produced in the liver and excreted as NH3 by diffusion across the gills. Elevated
ammonia results in an increase in gill ventilation, perhaps via stimulation of gill oxygen …

Glutamine synthetase (GSase), the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glutamate and
ammonia to glutamine, is present at high levels in vertebrate brain tissue and is thought to …

Although the number of fish species that have been studied for both hypoxia/anoxia
tolerance and ammonia tolerance are few, there appears to be a correlation between the …

The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus lives in freshwater, is an obligatory air-
breather, and can survive on land during drought. The objective of this study was to …