Melanoma is a cutaneous neoplastic growth of melanocytes with great potential to invade
and metastasize, especially when not treated early and effectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in human cancer and
represents an attractive target for therapies based on small molecule inhibitors. PI3K …

Metastasis is a multistep process responsible for most cancer deaths, and it can be
influenced by both the immediate microenvironment (cell–cell or cell–matrix interactions) …

More than 90% of cancer patient mortality is attributed to metastasis. In this study, we
investigated a role for the lysyl oxidase-related enzyme lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) in …

Tumor cells with mutated PTEN proliferate in an EGFR-independent manner. Induction of
PTEN sensitizes cells to EGFR inhibition, and the combination causes synergistic apoptosis …

Purpose Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that leads to stimulation of cell cycle progression,
cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. To investigate the role of Akt in melanoma …

Introduction 3. Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway in melanoma 3.1. The Ras-Raf-
MEK-ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway 3.2. Activation of MAPK signaling pathway in …

Melanomas are highly aggressive neoplasms resistant to most conventional therapies.
These tumors result from the interaction of altered intracellular tumor suppressors and …

Identification of specific genes or signaling pathways involved in development of melanoma
could lead to new therapies that target and correct these defects. Recent studies have …

When PI3Ks are deregulated by aberrant surface receptors or modulators, accumulation of
PtdIns (3, 4, 5) P3 leads to increased cell growth, proliferation and contact-independent …