Background This is the second update of a Cochrane Review (Issue 4, 2006). Pain and
distress from needle‐related procedures are common during childhood and can be reduced …

Common medical procedures to assess and treat patients can cause significant pain and
distress. Clinicians should have a basic approach for minimizing pain and distress in …

Background: Local anesthetic injection is often cited in literature as the most painful part of
minor procedures. It is also very possible for all doctors to get better at giving local …

Background Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of rare disorders that
have multi-system effects and patients present with a number of both acute and chronic pain …

Background The infiltration of local anesthetics can be painful, which is likely due, in part, to
their acidity. In spite of a Cochrane study that recommended neutralizing lidocaine with …

Background Painful procedures are common in the ED setting and beyond. Although these
procedures are often essential to patient management, they can also be distressing for …

The wide-awake approach to flexor tendon repair has decreased our rupture and tenolysis
rates, and permitted us to get consistently good results in cooperative patients. We no longer …

Background The role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of sport-related injuries is
unclear, largely due to the heterogeneity of clinical results. This may relate to compositional …

Hot-iron disbudding, a routine procedure that prevents horn bud growth through
cauterization, is painful for calves. The resulting burns remain sensitive to touch for weeks …

BACKGROUND: The pH of lidocaine with epinephrine in dental cartridges ranges between
2.9 and 4.4. In this pH range, less than 0.1% of the anesthetic is in the de-ionized or" active" …