Objectives Water immersion during labour using a birth pool to achieve relaxation and pain
relief during the first and possibly part of the second stage of labour is an increasingly …

The second-stage of labor is the most stressful part of childbirth process and the proper
maternal position during this period is paramount for women's safe vaginal birth. Midwives …

Background Water immersion during labour and birth is increasingly popular and is
becoming widely accepted across many countries, and particularly in midwifery‐led care …

Introduction Despite a growing body of evidence for waterbirth safety, a myriad of political
and cultural issues result in limited use in US hospitals compared to other developed …

Background Waterbirth is widely available in English maternity settings for women who are
not at increased risk of complications during labour. Immersion in water during labour is …

Introduction Although the safety of water immersion during labor is largely supported by
evidence from research, the risks to women and neonates during waterbirth are not well …

Water immersion in labor and birth is a valuable strategy for pain relief, associated with a
significant reduction in the use of epidural anesthesia (Cluett and Burns, 2009). Water …

Introduction In 2015, 9% of babies born in the UK were delivered underwater. Waterbirth is
increasing in popularity, despite uncertainty regarding its safety for neonates. This …

Both nationally and internationally, midwives' practices during the second stage of labour
vary. A midwife's practice can be influenced by education and cultural practices but …

Background Whether certain birth positions are associated with perineal injuries and severe
perineal trauma (SPT) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the …