B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Once generated, they
serve multiple roles in immune regulation and host defense. However, their most important …

In addition to susceptibility to infections, conventional primary immunodeficiency disorders
(PIDs) and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can cause immune dysregulation, manifesting as …

The molecular programs involved in regulatory T (Treg) cell activation and homeostasis
remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in Treg …

Genetic testing has increased the number of variants identified in disease genes, but the
diagnostic utility is limited by lack of understanding variant function. CARD11 encodes an …

Background Most commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have various
disadvantages, such as low antibody titers, short-lived effects, compromised host defense …

Background Germline pathogenic variants impairing the caspase recruitment domain family
member 11 (CARD11)–B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 10 (BCL10)–MALT1 …

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, mainly resulting from
mutations in genes associated with immunoregulation and immune host defense. These …

The CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex is critical for the proper assembly of human
immune responses. The clinical and immunological consequences of deficiencies in some …

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 25% of children and 10% of adults in
Western countries. When severe or recurrent infections and exceedingly elevated serum IgE …

The caspase activation and recruitment domain-coiled-coil (CARD-CC) family of proteins—
CARD9, CARD10, CARD11, and CARD14—is collectively expressed across nearly all …