Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Bacterial cells communicate with host cells and other bacteria through the release of
membrane vesicles known as bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEV). BEV are established …

Gram‐positive bacteria ubiquitously produce membrane vesicles (MVs), and although they
contribute to biological functions, our knowledge regarding their composition and …

Bacterial gene expression is under the control of a large set of molecules acting at multiple
levels. In addition to the transcription factors (TFs) already known to be involved in global …

The focus of this brief review is to describe the role of noncoding regulatory RNAs, including
short RNAs (sRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) fragments and microRNAs (miRNA) secreted in …

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium but also a commensal of skin and anterior
nares in humans. As S. aureus transits from skins/nares to inside the human body, it …

In eukaryotic organisms, transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments have diverse biological
functions. Considering the conserved sequences of tRNAs, it is not surprising that …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). IRI significantly
affects kidney metabolism, which elicits pro-inflammatory responses and kidney injury. The …

Due to differences in geographic surveillance systems, chemical sanitization practices, and
antibiotic stewardship (AS) implementation employed during the COVID-19 pandemic, many …

The roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell signaling are progressively
being unraveled. These membranous spheres released by many living cells carry various …