The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth
century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been …

The evidence for anthropogenic climate change continues to strengthen, and concerns
about severe weather events are increasing. As a result, scientific interest is rapidly shifting …

As climate change research becomes increasingly applied, the need for actionable
information is growing rapidly. A key aspect of this requirement is the representation of …

Over the past decade, severe winters occurred frequently in mid-latitude Eurasia,, despite
increasing global-and annual-mean surface air temperatures. Observations suggest that …

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent
seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have …

While the Arctic region has been warming strongly in recent decades, anomalously large
snowfall in recent winters has affected large parts of North America, Europe, and east Asia …

The Arctic region has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average—a
phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. The rapid Arctic warming has contributed to …

Present global warming is amplified in the Arctic and accompanied by unprecedented sea
ice decline. Located along the main pathway of Atlantic Water entering the Arctic, the …

The recent overall Northern Hemisphere warming was accompanied by several severe
northern continental winters, as for example, extremely cold winter 2005–2006 in Europe …

European climate exhibits variability on a wide range of timescales. Understanding the
nature and drivers of this variability is an essential step in developing robust climate …