Bio-inspired designs have been serving as a great inspiration for Aerodynamists for the past
several decades. The biological features of each species have evolved through generations …

This paper broadly summarizes the variation of design features found in vertebrate limbs
and analyses the resultant versatility and multifunctionality in order to make …

Aquatic vertebrates display a variety of control surfaces that are used for propulsion,
stabilization, trim and maneuvering. Control surfaces include paired and median fins in …

The aerodynamic characteristics of a kind of bionic wind turbine blades with a sinusoidal
leading edge have been investigated in this paper based on a three‐dimensional Reynolds …

Most hydrodynamic vertical axis turbine concepts use solid blades with active adjustable
pitch. These turbines generally need external starting or active pitching mechanisms to …

Recent experimental and computational studies of swimming hydrodynamics have
contributed significantly to our understanding of how animals swim, but much remains to be …

Modern whales and dolphins are superbly adapted for marine life, with tail flukes being a
key innovation shared by all extant species. Some dolphins can exceed speeds of 50 km/h …

The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from
those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place …

The diapsid plesiosaurs were pelagic and inhabited the oceans from the Triassic to the
Cretaceous. A key evolutionary character of plesiosaurs is the four wing‐like flippers. While …

Batoid fishes possess unique body and pectoral fin morphologies that directly affect
swimming performance. Two main swimming modes are distinguished within the order …