The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune
functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this …

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated in many
preclinical and clinical studies. This potential is dominantly based on the …

B cells are capable of receptor-mediated responses to foreign antigens. Recognition of
microbial-derived nucleic acid (NA) by toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 in B cells has been …

Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific
autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in …

Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) by driving clonal
expansion of B cells expressing B cell receptors (BCRs), often encoded by the VH1-69 …

Over the past decade, studies have identified subset of B cells, which play suppressive
functions in additions to the conventional functions of B cells: antigen processing and …

Background Studies suggest that the recall-based humoral immune responses to influenza
A/H1N1 originates from activated memory B cells. The aim of this study was to identify …

The Fc receptor (FcγRIIb) inhibits B cell responses when coengaged with B cell receptor
(BCR), and has become a target for new autoimmune disease therapeutics. For example …

The complement system and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential contributors of innate
immunity. Separate activation of these systems has been shown to play a role in initiating …

ABSTRACT Infection by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, the predominant etiologic agent
for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia, is characterized by a chronic mixed inflammatory …