Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new
production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and …

Since the introduction of insulin almost a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have
reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis …

Synthetic biology aims to design or assemble existing bioparts or bio-components for useful
bioproperties. During the past decades, progresses have been made to build delicate …

Despite the great promise of genetic code expansion technology to modulate structures and
functions of proteins, external addition of ncAAs is required in most cases and it often limits …

In recent years, powerful genetic code reprogramming methods have emerged that allow
new functional components to be embedded into proteins as noncanonical amino acid …

Antibodies, particularly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, are a group of biomolecules
that are extensively used as affinity reagents for many applications in research, disease …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Highlights•Use of noncanonical amino acid (ncAAs) in therapeutics requires careful
evaluation.•NcAA-mediated strategies enable important routes to precisely defined …

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a powerful class of anticancer
therapeutics that enable the selective delivery of toxic payloads into target cells. There is …

Enzyme design and engineering strategies are typically constrained by the limited size of
nature's genetic alphabet, comprised of only 20 canonical amino acids. In recent years, site …