The rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens
are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antivirulence agents provide an …

We review the progress achieved during the recent five years in immunochemical
biosensors (immunosensors) combined with nanoparticles for enhanced sensitivity. The …

The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Botulism is a rare, neurotoxin-mediated, life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid
descending paralysis that begins with cranial nerve palsies and might progress to extremity …

Already a well-established treatment for different autonomic and movement disorders, the
use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in pain conditions is now continuously expanding …

Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including
nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by anaerobic bacteria of the genus
Clostridium and cause a persistent paralysis of peripheral nerve terminals, which is known …

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology is a paper-based, point-of-care strip biosensor
designed to detect a specific analyte in a given sample. This type of assay is now of great …

Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a
new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with …

Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven
serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin …