Background: Limb muscle dysfunction is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and it has important clinical implications, such as reduced exercise tolerance …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and increasing global health
problem that is now a leading cause of death. COPD is associated with a chronic …

Muscle dysfunction often occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and may involve both respiratory and locomotor (peripheral) muscles. The loss of …

There is growing evidence for systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Increased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and acute phase …

Background Osteoporosis is prevalent in individuals with COPD. Updated evidence is
required to complement the previous systematic review on this topic to provide best practice …

OBJECTIVE—Inflammation plays a key role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and asthma. Increasing evidence points toward a role of inflammation in the …

Although long-acting bronchodilators have been an important advance for the management
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), these drugs do not deal with the …

Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), with chronically low levels of circulating haemoglobin, is
an immune driven abnormality that occurs in many inflammatory diseases, and also in …

1 History 1 2 The atmosphere 16 3 Geography and the human response to altitude 28 4
Genetics and high altitude 40 5 Altitude acclimatization and deterioration 53 6 Control of …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease that is spreading worldwide
and is responsible for a huge number of deaths annually. It is characterized by progressive …