Introduction: An extraordinarily diverse range of animals have evolved venoms for predation,
defence, or competitor deterrence. The major components of most venoms are peptides and …

Throughout evolution, numerous proteins have been convergently recruited into the venoms
of various animals, including centipedes, cephalopods, cone snails, fish, insects (several …

Plant defensins are an extensive family of small cysteine rich proteins characterised by a
conserved cysteine stabilised alpha beta protein fold which resembles the structure of insect …

The number and types of venom components that affect ion-channel function are reviewed.
These are the most important venom components responsible for human intoxication …

Defensins are a well-characterised group of small, disulphide-rich, cationic peptides that are
produced by essentially all eukaryotes and are highly diverse in their sequences and …

Scorpion venoms consist of a complex of several toxins that exhibit a wide range of
biological properties and actions, as well as chemical compositions, toxicity, and …

Scorpion venoms contain a large number of bioactive components. Several of the long-
chain peptides were shown to be responsible for neurotoxic effects, due to their ability to …

We report a comparative venomic and antivenomic characterization of the venoms of
newborn and adult specimens of the Central American rattlesnake, Crotalus simus, and of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)
characterized by demyelination, with a relative sparing of axons. In MS patients, many …

In contrast to animals and lower plant species, sperm cells of flowering plants are non-motile
and are transported to the female gametes via the pollen tube, ie the male gametophyte …