Myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) represents a
heterogeneous clinical conundrum accounting for about 6%–8% of all acute MI who are …

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA) accounts for 5-15%
of all presentations of acute myocardial infarction. The absence of obstructive coronary …

In 2008, the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina
(coronary spastic angina) 1 were developed by the Japanese Circulation Society, and the …

Background Intracoronary provocation testing with acetylcholine (ACh) is crucial for the
diagnosis of functional coronary alterations in patients with suspected myocardial ischaemia …

Background Heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and provocation protocols has posed
challenges in understanding the safety of coronary provocation testing with intracoronary …

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) represents about 6-
8% of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI), and it is associated with a …

Background Coronary vasomotor abnormalities are important causes of myocardial
ischemia in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). However, the …

Importance In today's era of precision medicine a renaissance of functional coronary
disease including coronary artery spasm (CAS) can be observed. This development is …

Myocardial bridging (MB) is a common congenital abnormality that remains asymptomatic in
a large proportion of patients. The peak of clinical manifestation occurs during the third and …

In the past decade, scientific and clinical research has provided a translational perspective
on myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). MINOCA is …