Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a
growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the …

In recent years, bone regeneration has emerged as a remarkable field that offers promising
guidance for treating bone-related diseases, such as bone defects, bone infections, and …

Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis
(RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA) …

Bone tissue destruction leads to severe pain, physical flaws, and loss of motility. Bone repair
using biocompatible and osteo-inductive scaffolds is regarded as a viable and potential …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multipotent cytokine that
prompts the proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages and granulocytes. In …

Purpose Previously, inflammation has been found to be associated with the development of
lung cancer. Despite their well-characterized pro-inflammatory functions, the putative roles …

The hyperplastic phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) plays an important role for
synovitis, chronic inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin …

The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount
importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel …

It is very important to understand the communication and interaction mechanisms between
the host and its resident microorganisms on host physiology and for precise diagnosis and …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have become key transcriptional regulators of metabolism,
angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, proliferation, inflammation and metastases. HIFs are tightly …