Background The need for gender parity within academic surgery has resulted in an analysis
of the trends in female authorship in the American general surgery literature. Methods …

Objectives Unconscious bias can impact manner of speaker introductions in formal
academic settings. We examined speaker introductions at the Society of Vascular Surgeons …

Purpose Introducing a physician without a professional title may reinforce bias in medicine
by influencing perceived credibility. We evaluated differences in the use of professional titles …

Background: Women are underrepresented across most surgical specialties and especially
in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Despite pediatric orthopaedic surgery being one of the …

Objective Racial and gender biases exist within academic surgery; bias negatively impacts
patient care, reimbursement, student training, and staff retention. Few studies have …

Background: Despite increasing representation of women in medicine, gender bias remains
pervasive. The authors sought to evaluate speaker introductions by gender in the grand …

Background Gender-based differences in the use of professional titles during speaker
introductions have been described in other medical specialties. Aims Our primary aim was to …

Bias can be defined as a systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or
encouraging one outcome over others. 1 As surgeons, we strive daily to mitigate the effects …

Implicit bias (IB) is the involuntary activation of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or stereotypes
that exist outside of conscious awareness. Implicit bias develops early in life and research …

Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) are a central part of the education and supervision
of postgraduate surgeons-in-training in the UK. This thesis explores what these surgeons-in …