Abstract The Klotho proteins, αKlotho and βKlotho, are essential components of endocrine
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes, as they are required for the high-affinity …

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultrarare paraneoplastic syndrome due to
overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), with profound effects on patient …

Background X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an inherited disease of phosphate
metabolism in which inactivating mutations of the Phosphate Regulating Endopeptidase …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10–15%
worldwide. An inverse-graded relationship exists between cardiovascular events and …

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential for signal transduction and cell metabolism, and is also
an essential structural component of the extracellular matrix of the skeleton. Pi is sensed in …

Background: A full understanding of the mechanisms of action of aldosterone and its
interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) allows a theoretical framework to predict …

The extracellular domain of transmembrane alpha-Klotho (αKlotho, hereinafter simply called
Klotho) is cleaved by secretases and released into the circulation as soluble Klotho. Soluble …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an important bone hormone that regulates
phosphate homeostasis in the kidney along with active vitamin D (1, 25 (OH) 2D3) and …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to developing cardiac hypertrophy
and fibrosis, which is associated with increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) serum …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphaturic hormone primarily secreted by
osteocytes to maintain phosphate and mineral homeostasis. In patients with and without …