Biologics are unaffordable to a large majority of the global population because of
prohibitively expensive fermentation systems, purification and the requirement for cold chain …

Aim To review the effect of different intramuscular injection (IMI) techniques on injection
associated pain, in adults. Methods The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO …

Aims To determine adverse effects of ventrogluteal intramuscular injections versus
dorsogluteal intramuscular injections. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis …

Aims To assess the effectiveness of physical‐procedural interventions in reducing pain
during intramuscular injections. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Method …

What is known and objective It is important to identify effective, easy‐to‐use and cost‐
effective non‐pharmacological methods in the management of pain caused by medical …

Background The pain experienced after subcutaneous injections can also disturb the
comfort of the individual. An individual who experiences pain may refuse treatment by …

BACKGROUND: Intramuscular (IM) injection is one of the causes of anxiety and pain in
patients, using new techniques and creating a pleasant experience is of the legal and …

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vibration stimulation
application in ventrogluteal region on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction …

This experimental study, which was conducted to examine the necessity of aspiration
procedure and its effect on pain in intramuscular (IM) injections made into the ventrogluteal …

Background Pain management is an important part of care provided by nurses. Aims The
present study aimed to investigate the effect of an innovative method named the skin …