The global population above 60 years has been growing exponentially in the last decades,
which is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age‐related chronic diseases …

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a
broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular …

The global population is aging and age-related cardiovascular disease is increasing. Even
after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, readmission and mortality rates remain high …

Aging‐mediated immune dysregulation affects the normal cardiac immune cell phenotypes
and functions, resulting in cardiac distress. During cardiac inflammation, immune activation …

Cystamine is commonly used as a transglutaminase inhibitor. This disulphide undergoes
reduction in vivo to the aminothiol compound, cysteamine. Thus, the mechanism by which …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality and morbidity are among the most critical
disease burdens worldwide. CVDs encompass many diseases and involve complex …

Cardiac diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mounting
evidence suggests that transglutaminases (TGs), tissue TG (TG2) in particular, are involved …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of the tissue of multicellular
organisms that is comprised of an intricate network of multidomain proteins and associated …

The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure (HF) includes
fibrogenic remodeling associated with loss of pulmonary arterial (PA) and cardiac …

Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most devastating effects of cardiac disease. Current in vitro
models of cardiac fibrosis do not sufficiently mimic the complex in vivo environment of the …