Nonrecombining Y chromosomes are expected to degenerate through the progressive
accumulation of deleterious mutations. In lower vertebrates, however, most species display …

It is now well established that plants have an important place in studies of sex chromosome
evolution because of the repeated independent evolution of separate sexes and sex …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

The origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes have been hypothesized to involve the
linkage of factors with antagonistic effects on male and female function. Garden asparagus …

Complex adaptive polymorphisms are common in nature, but what mechanisms maintain
the underlying favorable allelic combinations [1–4]? The convergent evolution of …

The genus Silene, studied by Darwin, Mendel and other early scientists, is re-emerging as a
system for studying interrelated questions in ecology, evolution and developmental biology …

I review theoretical models for the evolution of supergenes in the cases of B atesian mimicry
in butterflies, distylous plants and sex chromosomes. For each of these systems, I outline the …

Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes that have
originated only∼ 10 million years ago and is a promising model organism to study sex …

A minority of angiosperms have male and female flowers separated in distinct individuals
(dioecy), and most dioecious plants do not have cytologically different (heteromorphic) sex …

Sex in papaya is controlled by a pair of nascent sex chromosomes. Females are XX, and two
slightly different Y chromosomes distinguish males (XY) and hermaphrodites (XYh). The …