The sulfur biochemistry of the thiol group endows cysteines with a number of highly
specialized and unique features that enable them to serve a variety of different functions in …

A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental
insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced and eliminated by living
organisms normally maintaining ROS at certain steady-state levels. Under some …

The MSN2 and MSN4 genes encode homologous and functionally redundant Cys2His2 zinc
finger proteins. A disruption of both MSN2 and MSN4 genes results in a higher sensitivity to …

All aerobically growing organisms suffer exposure to oxidative stress, caused by partially
reduced forms of molecular oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trx) and glutaredoxins (Grx) constitute families of thiol
oxidoreductases. Our knowledge of Trx and Grx in plants has dramatically increased during …

▪ Abstract The glutathione-and thioredoxin-dependent reduction systems are responsible for
maintaining the reduced environment of the Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

Glutathione plays a pivotal role in protecting plants from environmental stresses, oxidative
stress, xenobiotics, and some heavy metals. Arabidopsis plants treated with cadmium or …

Protein structure and function can be altered by reactive oxygen species produced either by
cell metabolism or by external oxidants. Although catalases, superoxide dismutases and …

The yeast cadmium factor (YCF1) gene encodes an MgATP-energized glutathione S-
conjugate transporter responsible for the vacuolar sequestration of organic compounds after …