This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism,
and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such …

Eicosanoid is a collective term for oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty
acids. As seen in mammals, eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating various …

This review focuses on the state of the art on neuropeptide receptors in insects. Most of
these receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation …

Organisms have constant contact with potentially harmful agents that can compromise their
fitness. However, most of the times these agents fail to cause serious disease by virtue of the …

The intestine is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Dietary inputs are absorbed
through the gut, which senses their nutritional value and relays hormonal information to …

Molt is a critical developmental process in crustaceans. Recent studies have shown that the
hepatopancreas is an important source of innate immune molecules, yet hepatopancreatic …

Insect immunity is assorted into humoral and cellular immune reactions. Humoral reactions
involve the regulated production of anti-microbial peptides, which directly kill microbial …

Exoskeletons are a defining character of all arthropods that provide physical support for their
segmented bodies and appendages as well as protection from the environment and …

Prostaglandins (PGs) and related eicosanoids are signal moieties derived from arachidonic
acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They were discovered in the 1930s in …