Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable, devastating disorder that is characterized by
pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. In recent …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is generally thought to be
caused by multiple factors, including environmental and genetic factors. Emerging evidence …

The exact mechanism of gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and, conversely, the role of
gut pathology in brain dopaminergic degeneration are controversial. We investigated the …

Constipation, one of the most common prodromal non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's
disease (PD), usually occurs several years earlier than the onset of motor symptoms …

Several studies have provided interesting evidence about the role of the bidirectional
communication between the gut and brain in the onset and development of several …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with gastrointestinal (GI)
symptoms, including constipation and defecatory dysfunctions. The mechanisms underlying …

In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), constipation is common, and it appears in a
prodromal stage before the hallmark motor symptoms. The present study aimed to …

Increasing evidence suggests that the gut–brain axis plays a crucial role in Parkinson's
disease (PD). The abnormal accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is provided with a peculiar nervous network, known as the
enteric nervous system (ENS), which is dedicated to the fine control of digestive functions …

Parkinson disease has traditionally been classified as a movement disorder, despite
patients' accounts of diverse symptoms stemming from impairments in numerous body …