Natural populations consist of phenotypically diverse individuals that exhibit variation in their
demographic parameters and intra-and inter-specific interactions. Recent experimental work …

Most empirical and theoretical studies of resource use and population dynamics treat
conspecific individuals as ecologically equivalent. This simplification is only justified if …

Individuals often differ in what they do. This has been recognised since antiquity.
Nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such variation is attracting …

When I was an undergraduate in Oxford, we were taught economics almost as though it
were a natural science. The subject matter of economics might be different from physics, but …

Behavioral traits and diet were traditionally thought to be highly plastic within individuals.
This view was espoused in the widespread use of optimality models, which broadly predict …

Foundation species define the ecosystems they live in, but ecologists have often
characterized dominant plants as foundational without supporting evidence. Giant kelp has …

Intraspecific food competition exerts powerful selective forces on all animals; successful
foragers thrive relative to weaker conspecifics. Understanding competition is therefore …

1. This study investigated the distribution of a population of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops
truncatus resident in the Moray Firth off north-eastern Scotland. Results add to existing …

Intraspecific competition affects the strength of individual specialization: an optimal diet theory
method Page 1 Intraspecific competition affects the strength of individual specialization: an …

The goal of this study is to identify the mechanisms and measure the strengths of
interactions within and among size classes in experimental populations of rainbow trout …