Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17
cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory …

Abstract M-CSF and GM-CSF are 2 important cytokines that regulate macrophage numbers
and function. Here, we review their known effects on cells of the macrophage-monocyte …

Gut microbiota was only considered as a commensal organism that aids in digestion, but
recent studies revealed that the microbiome play a critical role in both physiological and …

A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated
in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of …

Summary Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a major mediator of tissue inflammation in many
autoimmune diseases. Anti-IL-17A is an effective treatment for psoriasis and is showing …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) which involves a complex interaction between immune system and neural …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical regulators of immune responses. Under noninflammatory
conditions, several human DC subsets have been identified. Little is known, however, about …

IL‐6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the physiology of virtually every organ system.
Recent studies have demonstrated that IL‐6 has a very important role in regulating the …

Although the role of the TH 1 and TH 17 subsets of helper T cells as disease mediators in
autoimmune neuroinflammation remains a subject of some debate, none of their signature …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) leading to the progressive destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding axons. It can …