Water scarcity is one of the greatest societal challenges facing humanity. Reverse osmosis
(RO) desalination, a widely used membrane-based technology, has proven to be effective to …

Pressure-driven membrane desalination (PMD), such as reverse osmosis or nanofiltration, is
an energy-efficient technology that addresses water shortages by using saline waters to …

Evaporative technology for lithium mining from salt-lakes exacerbates freshwater scarcity
and wetland destruction, and suffers from protracted production cycles. Electrodialysis (ED) …

The transport of salt and water through “leaky” membranes is of fundamental importance in
many disciplines of science and engineering. One important application is in low-salt …

The selectivity of ion exchange membranes hinges on their capacity to exclude coions. Yet,
understanding how they reject coions in multivalent salt solutions remains challenging. This …

Constructing nanolaminate membranes made of two-dimensional graphene oxide
nanosheets has gained enormous interest in recent decades. However, a key challenge …

The development of membranes and membrane-based separation processes should be
accompanied by a standardization of the protocols applied for membrane characterization …

Species transport models typically combine partial differential equations (PDEs) with
relations from hindered transport theory to quantify electromigrative, convective, and …

Carboxylate anions of various chain lengths are important molecules for many applications
such as CO 2 reduction, membrane-based bioreactors, etc. Also, carboxylate anions are …

Thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes prepared by interfacial
polymerization of M-phenylene diamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) are the most …