Purpose Macrophages are highly plastic cells. Under different stimuli, macrophages can be
polarized into several different subsets. Two main macrophage subsets have been …

Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our
body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been historically defined as ligand-gated
ion channels and function as such in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recently …

Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a
major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2 …

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common acute
and severe cases of the respiratory system with complicated pathogenesis and high …

Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the lungs are associated with the
progression of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Background The vagus nerve is involved in regulating immunity and resolving inflammation.
Current strategies aimed at modulating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, in many …

Gluconic metabolic reprogramming, immune response, and inflammation are intimately
linked. Glycolysis involves in the pathologic progress in acute and chronic inflammatory …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and diffuse inflammatory lung injury
in a short time, one of the common severe manifestations of the respiratory system that …

Background Macrophage polarization and reprogramming in the lung play a critical role in
the initiation, development and progression of acute lung injury (ALI). Regulating the …