Remote enhancers are thought to interact with their target promoters via physical proximity,
yet the importance of this proximity for enhancer function remains unclear. Although some …

Hunchback is a bifunctional transcription factor that can activate and repress gene
expression in Drosophila development. We investigated the regulatory DNA sequence …

Developmental genes are often regulated by multiple enhancers exhibiting similar
spatiotemporal outputs, which are generally considered redundantly acting though few have …

Many genes are regulated by two or more enhancers that drive similar expression patterns.
Evolutionary theory suggests that these seemingly redundant enhancers must have …

Pairs of duplicated genes generally display a combination of conserved expression patterns
inherited from their unduplicated ancestor and newly acquired domains. However, how the …

The importance of gene duplication in developmental body plan evolution is well-
established, but for many megadiverse clades such as true flies (Diptera), a comprehensive …

Pleiotropy, measured as expression breadth across tissues, is one of the best predictors for
protein sequence and expression conservation. In this study, we investigated its effect on the …

In Drosophila embryos, genes expressed along the dorsal-ventral axis are responsive to
concentration of the Dorsal (Dl) transcription factor, which varies in space; however, levels of …

The hormone erythropoietin (Epo) is required for erythropoiesis, yet its molecular
mechanism of action remains poorly understood. To investigate how Epo modulates the …

An essential part of organism survival is being able to transcribe translate encoded
information within DNA to produce vital proteins necessary for life. This process is highly …