Respiratory cilia are the driving force of the mucociliary escalator, working in conjunction
with secreted airway mucus to clear inhaled debris and pathogens from the conducting …

Immunopolymorphism is considered as an important aspect behind the resistance or
susceptibility of the host to an infectious disease. Over the years, researchers have explored …

The rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has spurred renewed interest in the use of
bacteriophages in therapy. However, mechanisms contributing to phage-mediated bacterial …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents one of the best studied pathways to implement
defense mechanisms against invading microbes in human being as well as in animals …

The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large
surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne …

Inflammation is the body's response to insults, which include infection, trauma, and
hypersensitivity. The inflammatory response is complex and involves a variety of …

SUMMARY A select group of microorganisms inhabit the airways of individuals with cystic
fibrosis. Once established within the pulmonary environment in these patients, many of …

Immunity against microbial pathogens primarily depends on the recognition of pathogen
components by innate receptors expressed on immune and non-immune cells. Innate …

Chronic lung disease determines the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.
The pulmonary immune response in CF is characterized by an early and non-resolving …

Addressing age-related immunological defects through therapeutic interventions is essential
for healthy aging, as the immune system plays a crucial role in controlling infections …