In this article, we review the biology and physiological importance of transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) to homeostasis in the respiratory system, its importance to innate and …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly vascular disease with enigmatic molecular origins.
We found that vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening are early and …

Human genetics, biomarker, and animal studies implicate loss of function in bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and maladaptive transforming growth factor–β …

Background—Pericytes and their crosstalk with endothelial cells are critical for the
development of a functional microvasculature and vascular remodeling. It is also known that …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the end result of interaction between pulmonary vascular
tone and a complex series of cellular and molecular events termed 'vascular remodelling' …

Knowledge pertaining to the involvement of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is …

Despite recent therapeutic advances, pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a fatal disease
due to the development of right ventricular (RV) failure. At present, no treatments targeted at …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive disease of the precapillary
pulmonary arteries. Schistosomiasis-associated PAH shares altered vascular TGF-β …

Germline mutations involving small mothers against decapentaplegic–transforming growth
factor–β (SMAD–TGF-β) signaling are an important but rare cause of pulmonary arterial …