Continuing outbreaks of pathogenic (H5N1) and pandemic (SOIVH1N1) influenza have
underscored the need to understand the origin, characteristics, and evolution of novel …

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are of great concern worldwide due to their economic impact
and the threat they represent to human health. As wild birds are the natural reservoirs of …

In recent years, a number of zoonotic flaviviruses have emerged worldwide, and wild birds
serve as their major reservoirs. Epidemiological surveys of bird populations at various …

Wild bird surveillance for avian influenza virus (AIV) was conducted from 2001 to 2012 in the
Azov-Black Sea region of the Ukraine, considered part of the transcontinental wild bird …

Gulls are important hosts of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) and gull AIVs often contain
gene segments of mixed geographic and host lineage origins. In this study, the prevalence …

Efficiently tracking and anticipating the dynamics of infectious agents in wild populations
requires the gathering of large numbers of samples, if possible at several locations and …

Gulls are ubiquitous in urban areas due to a growing reliance on anthropogenic feeding
sites, which has led to changes in their abundance, distribution, and migration ecology, with …

Urban sprawl represents one of the most critical threats to biodiversity leading to the decline
of rare and specialist species and the proliferation of a few dominant generalist ones …

The White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), a nomadic wading bird, has increased its exploitation of
urban habitats in South Florida, United States, and has recently established several urban …

Introduction Maternal effects occur when the phenotype of the offspring is influenced by the
phenotype of the mother, which in turn depends on her heritable state as well as on …