Cell survival requires multiple factors, including appropriate proportions of molecular oxygen
and various antioxidants. Although most oxidative insults can be overcome by the cell's …

Cells are constantly generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during aerobic metabolism.
As a consequence, each cell is equipped with an extensive antioxidant defence system to …

Excitotoxicity, defined as excessive exposure to the neurotransmitter glutamate or
overstimulation of its membrane receptors, has been implicated as one of the key factors …

There is significant evidence that the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases,
including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), multiple …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. Alterations
capable of causing brain circuitry dysfunctions in AD may take several years to develop …

Several ion channels are thought to be directly modulated by nitric oxide (NO), but the
molecular basis of this regulation is unclear. Here we show that the NMDA receptor …

The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α are produced within the CNS,
and, similar to the periphery, they have pleotrophic and overlapping functions. We have …

Nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen species appear to play several crucial roles in the
brain. These include physiological processes such as neuromodulation, neurotransmission …

Roles proposed for nitric oxide (NO) in CNS pathophysiology are increasingly diverse and
range from intercellular signaling, through necrotic killing of cells and invading pathogens, to …

In western countries, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. In fact,
if left uncurbed, the economic cost of caring for AD patients could consume the entire gross …