SARS-CoV-2 viruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses, whose infection can be
asymptomatic or lead to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 is a respiratory …

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has rapidly increased in pandemic scale since it first
appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In these troubled days the scientific …

Global movement behaviour guidelines recommend that preschool children (aged 3–4
years) accumulate at least 180 min physical activity, engage in no more than 1 h sedentary …

To the Editor: An epidemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become the focus of scientific
attention. 1 The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and rapid rise in the number of patients …

B cells are critical for the production of antibodies and protective immunity to viruses. Here
we show that patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in fully vaccinated individuals are considered a
consequence of waning immunity. Serum antibodies represent the most measurable …

Humanity has repeatedly faced epidemics of known and novel pathogens and the immune
system has adapted to survive. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, not encountered before by humans. The wide spectrum
of clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 illness suggests that individual immune responses to …

Memory B cells (MBCs) protect the body from recurring infections. MBCs differ from their
naive counterparts (NBCs) in many ways, but functional and surface marker differences are …

A large repertoire of IgA is produced by B lymphocytes with T-independent and T-dependent
mechanisms useful in defense against pathogenic microorganisms and to reduce immune …