Even before the sinoatrial node (SAN) was discovered, cardiovascular science was
engaged in an active investigation of when and why the heart would beat. After the …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are the molecular
correlate of the If current and are critically involved in controlling neuronal excitability and …

Objectives This study sought to identify subcellular Ca2+ signals within and among cells
comprising the sinoatrial node (SAN) tissue. Background The current paradigm of SAN …

Background: The ability to increase heart rate during exercise and other stressors is a key
homeostatic feature of the sinoatrial node (SAN). When the physiological heart rate …

Background: Sinoatrial node cells (SANC) automaticity is generated by functional
association between the activity of plasmalemmal ion channels and local diastolic …

Each heartbeat begins with the generation of an action potential in pacemaking cells in the
sinoatrial node. This signal triggers contraction of cardiac muscle through a process termed …

Entrainment is a phenomenon in which two oscillators interact with each other, typically
through physical or chemical means, to synchronize their oscillations. This phenomenon …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are key proteins
involved in the initiation and regulation of the heartbeat. Pacemaker cells within the …

Each heartbeat is initiated by specialized pacemaker cells operating within the sinoatrial
node (SAN). While individual cells within SAN tissue exhibit substantial heterogeneity of …

Both experimental and modeling studies have attempted to determine mechanisms by which
a small anatomical region, such as the sinoatrial node (SAN), can robustly drive electrical …