In the United States, the incidence rate of new or recurrent stroke is approximately 795 000
per year, and stroke prevalence for individuals over the age of 20 years is estimated at 6.5 …

This review summarizes the recent advances in glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) in
hemiplegic patients and analyzes the reliability and validity of clinical evaluation and the …

Kong KH, Woon VC, Yang SY. Prevalence of chronic pain and its impact on health-related
quality of life in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 35–40. OBJECTIVES: To …

Ploughman M, Corbett D. Can forced-use therapy be clinically applied after stroke? An
exploratory randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1417–23 …

Objectives: To assess the effects of botulinum toxin A (BT-A) on hemiplegic shoulder pain
associated with spasticity. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study …

Persistent shoulder pain is a common complication after stroke. Its etiology and underlying
mechanisms are not well understood and treatment is generally unsatisfactory. The …

Roosink M, Renzenbrink GJ, Buitenweg JR, Van Dongen RT, Geurts AC, IJzerman MJ.
Persistent shoulder pain in the first 6 months after stroke: results of a prospective cohort …

Objective To study the immediate effects of interferential current stimulation (IFC) on
shoulder pain and pain-free passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder in people with …

Background. Hemiplegic shoulder pain is common after stroke causing hemiplegia. It
adversely affects the recovery of arm function and independence in activities of daily living …

The Bion® microstimulator is a miniature leadless implantable neurostimulator designed to
be implanted through a minimally invasive procedure. The small profile of the …