Importance Conjunctivitis is a common problem. Objective To examine the diagnosis,
management, and treatment of conjunctivitis, including various antibiotics and alternatives to …

Allergic eye disease is common, yet often overlooked in North America. In the US, up to 40%
of the population is deemed to be affected and this number is growing. Symptoms and signs …

Background Dupilumab blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐
13. It is approved in the USA for patients aged≥ 12 years with moderate‐to‐severe atopic …

Background Management of type 2 diabetes with metformin often does not provide
adequate glycemic control, thereby necessitating add-on treatment. In a 24-week clinical …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor pathway that is responsible for
many key biological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, stress response, corneal …

Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent
years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels …

Background Conjunctivitis is a known comorbidity of atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab clinical
trials for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults showed a higher conjunctivitis …

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common condition resulting from exposure to allergens such
as pollen, animal dander, or mold. It is typically mediated by allergen-induced crosslinking of …

Many drugs used for chronic illnesses can contribute to dry eye syndrome, and elderly
patients who have dry eye may concurrently be on systemic medications that worsen the …

Background Seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis is the most common allergic
conjunctivitis, usually with acute manifestations when a person is exposed to allergens and …