Autophagy has been demonstrated to have an essential function in several cellular
hematopoietic differentiation processes, for example, the differentiation of reticulocytes. To …

Autophagy is an essential metabolic pathway by which the intracellular unwanted materials
are digested within lysosomes for cellular homeostasis. It provides energy and building …

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that mediates adaptive responses
to oxygen deprivation. In addition, the HIF-1α subunit has a nontranscriptional role as a …

Molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide are the primary gaseous substrate and product of
oxidative metabolism, respectively. Hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypercapnia (high carbon …

As an established anticancer drug, gemcitabine (GEM) is an effective systemic treatment for
advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). However, little is known about the potential effectors that …

Chloroquine (CQ) and amodiaquine (AQ) have been used for treating or preventing malaria
for decades, and their application has expanded into treating inflammatory disease in …

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a differentiating agent for the treatment of acute
promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the therapeutic efficacy of ATRA has limitations …

Triptolide (TP), a major bioactive component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.(TWHF), has been shown to exert various pharmacological …

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that prevents cell damage
and promotes cell survival, and clinical efforts have exploited autophagy inhibition as a …

BACKGROUND: LAMP2 is one of the major protein components of lysosome. In addition to
the expression on the lysosomal membrane, LAMP2 has also been found relocalizing to the …