The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cellular
metabolism, catabolism, immune responses, autophagy, survival, proliferation, and …

Autophagy is a major intracellular degradation system that derives its degradative abilities
from the lysosome. The most well-studied form of autophagy is macroautophagy, which …

Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis during low energy states. According to the
current understanding, glucose-depleted cells induce autophagy through AMPK, the primary …

Macroautophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway or recycling process that maintains
cellular homeostasis. This autophagy involves a series of sequential processing events …

Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that enables the cell to survive when faced with
starvation or stressful conditions. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induces additional damage during the restoration of blood flow to
ischemic myocardium. Urolithin B (UB) is one of the gut metabolites of ellagitannins, a class …

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, degradative process from single-cell eukaryotes,
such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to higher mammals, such as humans. The regulation of …

Chaperone Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is a lysosomal-dependent protein degradation
pathway. At least 30% of cytosolic proteins can be degraded by this process. The two major …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway critical for stress responses and the
maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy contributes to the etiology of an …