I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co‐exist. The one airway
model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower …

abstract Discoveries from basic science research in the last decade have brought significant
progress in knowledge of pathophysiologic processes of allergic diseases, with a …

Importance Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broadly defined process that has previously
been used to describe many different sinonasal pathologic conditions from odontogenic …

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common yet under-recognised chronic 40
inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that is classified according to the …

Background Persistent mucosal inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)
often results in ongoing symptoms, recurrence of polypoid mucosa, infective exacerbations …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma describe inflammation of the upper
and lower airway, respectively. Not surprisingly, the prevalence of CRS and asthma has …

Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is linked with skewed T-helper 2 or
immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic responses, with differing diagnosis, prognosis …

Severe asthma and rhinosinusitis represent frequent comorbidities, complicating the overall
management of the disease. Both asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is commonly classified into CRS with nasal polyps
(CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Structured histopathologic reporting …